Laser applications in biomedicine and the environment

Biophotonics and biomedical applications of lasers.

1. Introduction to biomedical applications of lasers and biophotonics.
2. Quantities and basic concepts of radiometry and photometry.
3. Basic laser physics: spatial and temporal coherence, focusing, interaction with lenses, and beam propagation.
4. Tissue optics: scattering, absorption, the Beer–Lambert law, scattering phase function, and scattering anisotropy.
5. The radiative transfer equation and its application to light propagation in biological tissue.
6. Laser interaction with living matter: photochemical and photodynamic effects, photothermal effects, photodegradation, and photomechanical effects.
7. Applications of lasers in ophthalmology.
8. Diagnostic applications: optical microscopy, optical coherence tomography, optogenetics, diffuse optical tomography, and two-photon fluorescence microscopy.